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| The spring D measures the friction force during the sliding process between materials A and B. Spring C adjusts the normal force. |
A piezo is expanding if a voltage is applied on it. The magnitude of this expansion is well known. In our applications it is taking place in the range of 1nm per voltage. If we overlap several piezos their expansion is multiplied. The voltage is applied in x-, in y- as in z-direction to controll every of these dimensions.
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